Raw Material Analysis ¦ Quality analysis of protein raw materials in piglet feed

• In the last tweet, we talked about the importance of protein raw material: account for more than 25% of the whole formula dosage and more than 40% of the whole formula cost. It seems that most of the money has to be spent on protein raw materials.

• Then, how can we spend the money efficiently? How to measure the value and price of a protein material? For piglet feed, in which the composition is relatively complex, the selection standard and quality control measures of protein raw materials is usually difficult. Here, keep "three highs and one low" principle in mind with appropriate detection methods to make the selection and quality control of protein raw materials in piglet feed no longer a problrm.

Today we will continue to present the evaluation system of “high health care value” and “low risk”.

High health care value, low risk

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Low anti-nutritional factors

[Metric] Antigen in plant protein, spoilage product, fat oxidation and rancidity product in animal protein

[Significance] The lower the content of anti-nutritional factors, the smaller the damage to the intestinal tract of piglets, and the lower the adverse effects on digestion and absorption capacity

Evaluation on plant protein

【Detection method】

[Test result 1--ELISA enzyme-linked immunoassay]

【Result analysis】

Analysis of the results of ELISA kits:

-The higher the antigen content is, the higher damage it may cause to the animal intestinal

The antigen contents in different protein raw materials were different:

-Soybean meal has the highest antigen protein content, but it can be removed to different degrees by different ways.

-The antigen proteins in the extruded soybean meal will be inactivated through high temperature, high pressure and mechanical shearing during the extruding process, with a clearance rate of 50-70%;

-The antigen protein in the fermented soybean meal will be properly degraded by the enzymes produced from microbial fermentation process, with a clearance rate of 50% in average;

-The antigen protein in the soy protein concentrates will be inactivated by washing with alcohol, with a clearance rate of more than 90%;

-The enzymatic hydrolyzed soybean protein will degrades large molecular proteins into small molecular peptides with complex spatial structures through a specific enzymatic hydrolysis process, and the clearance rate could be more than 95%.

[Test result 2--SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis]

Results analysis of SDS-PAGE electrophoresis:

-The soy antigen protein stripe is marked in the illustration. If there is any in the marked area, it means that the detected sample has antigen protein, if not, it means that the antigen protein has been successfully removed.

The stripe of different protein raw materials are different:

-Clear antigen protein stripe can be seen in soybean meal and DPS (use soybean meal as carrier)

-Some antigen proteins in fermented soybean meal can be properly removed

The clearance degree of soybean protein in different enzymatic hydrolysis process is different

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Evaluation of animal protein

【Detection method】

【Detection instruction】

Composition of protein spoilage products: the source, toxicity and its indicative to spoilage of volatile base nitrogen

【Test results】

A.Quality standard for fish meal of different grade to be used in piglet feed (GB/T 19164—2021 China National Standard of Fish Meal )

B.Detection results of common fish meal for piglet feed

【Result analysis】

Interpretation on new China national standard of fish meal:

-In addition to conventional nutrition indicators, the standard also focuses on the content of T-VBN, biogenic amine, and malondialdehyde. The higher these indicators is, the poorer the freshness of fishmeal could be, which will has adverse affect on animal health.

The quality status of common high-quality fishmeal:

-Peru fishmeal: 18% of Peruvian fish meal T-VBN is unqualified, and 53% of Peruvian fish meal histamine is unqualified.

-China Fishmeal: 11% of Chinese fishmeal glycine proportion (Shandong, Dalian) is unqualified, indicates that it may be mixed with other protein sources; 22% of Chinese fishmeal T-VBN is unqualified, of which 76% histamine is unqualified, and the content of cadaverine and putrescine is high.

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High functional ingredients

[Metric] Functional ingredients in protein raw materials

[Significance] The higher the content of functional components, the better it can promote intestinal development, reduce intestinal permeability, promote repair after intestinal injury, maintain intestinal health, animal digestion and absorption ability

[Detection Indicators]

【Test results】

【Result analysis】

ABTS antioxidant capacity:

-The total antioxidant capacity of the tested sample is positively correlated with the biological active components in body; the higher the value, the stronger the antioxidant capacity. Studies have found that 2-6 peptides with a molecular weight of 150-1000Da have strong antioxidant capacity.

There are obvious differences in the antioxidant capacity of different protein materials:

-Yeast hydrolysate and soybean enzymatic hydrolyzed protein obtain high content of peptides with molecular weight of 150-1000 Da through enzymatic hydrolysis, which has strong antioxidant capacity after ABTS detection;

-Fermented soybean meal has very low antioxidant capacity;

-Fish meal has no antioxidant capacity;

[Summary] The high health value of protein raw materials---low anti-nutritional factors and rich functional ingredients

3

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Low risk

[Metric] Biosafety and stability

[Significance] Biosecurity directly determines weather the breeding can succeed, and the stability of raw materials directly affects the stability of feedstuff

Detection Indicators

A. Quality stability

【Evaluation indicator】

• Physical appearance stability of different batches (color, odor, particle size, etc.)

• Quality indicators stability of different batches (moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, salt, etc.)

• Characteristic indicators stability of different batches (vitro digestibility, protein molecular weight, anti-nutritional factors, etc.)

【Detection method】

B. Biological safety

The selection of protein raw materials in piglet feed should consider the principle of "three highs and one low" (high nutrition, high health care, low risk, high benefit). The first three aspects can be detected in the laboratory, to analyze the same characteristics from multiple dimensions can make accurate judgments on the quality of the raw materials, so as to guide us to optimize the quality and cost of the feed nutrition program.